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李开复谈AI公司ToB“项目制”顽疾：“赚钱容易，盈利很难”_我的网站
一 | 播放 下一个 打开循环播放 00:00 / 00:00 倍速 3.0X 2.0X 1.5X 1.25X 1.0X 0.75X 0.5X 多音轨 AirPlay 0 静音播放中，点击 恢复音量 画中画 网页全屏 全屏 你可以 刷新 试试 视频信息 1.33.6 播放信息 上传日志 调试信息 [X] 视频ID VID - 播放流水 Flowid - 播放内核 Kernel - 显示器信息 Res - 帧数 - 缓冲健康度 - 网络活动 net - 视频分辨率 - 编码 Codec - mystery mystery - 按住画面移动小窗 21世纪经济报道记者 董静怡 上海报道 “AI六小虎”已走出截然不同的路线。 智谱AI和MiniMax相继上市，智谱创始人唐杰在内部信中表示未来两年不追求短期应用变现，将攻坚AGI；MiniMax创始人闫俊杰则表示不达到AGI将不领薪资。月之暗面同样将目标设定为“超越Anthropic等前沿公司，成为世界领先的AGI公司”。 另一边，阶跃星辰直接转向了AI硬件，发布了智能体手机；百川智能则选择在医疗垂直大模型上深耕；零一万物则一门心思扑向企业AI，走向了更细分的赛道。 在WAIC 2026上，零一万物创始人兼CEO李开复向记者算了一笔账：中国目前有11家还在执着于做大模型训练的公司，扣除2家有特殊商业理由自研的，还有9家。
Speaking to the Global Times, Mexican poet Manuel Becerra said that he felt it was a form of poetic justice that a delivery rider had recently won one of China's highest literary awards.
Becerra is one of the seven writers from six APEC member economies currently taking part in the "2026 Global Writers in Guangdong Program" held in South China's Guangdong Province.
Organized by the Guangdong Provincial Writers' Association (GPWA), the program is one of the literary events held during the 2026 APEC "China Year," Xiang Xin, head of the GPWA, told the Global Times.
The program represents a two way engagement through which Chinese and foreign writers implement the Global Civilization Initiative with literature as the bridge. It is also an innovation-driven journey focused on literary creation, exploring open-ended narratives and internationally inflected expressions to write stories about Guangdong Province and China in general, Xiang said.
As the heartland of Lingnan culture, the birthplace of the Maritime Silk Road, and a pioneer of China's reform and opening-up, Guangdong is a rich literary treasure trove with vast potential for exploration, development, and creative transformation, Xiang said.
From Tangjiawan ancient town to the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the international writers are on an immersive two-month tour that will take them to Guangdong's Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Guangzhou to explore local Lingnan culture and draw inspiration for their literary creations. Lion dances, Guangzhou embroidery, Cantonese Opera, and Canton porcelain are some of the most representative Lingnan cultural symbols.
Drawing on their experiences from the tour, the seven writers will produce original literary works centered on the province, contributing to people-to-people exchanges during the APEC China Year and offering the world a richer, more multifaceted portrait of the province, according to GPWA.
Like finding gold
Kicking off their tour in Shenzhen, the writers were amazed to learn about the city's transformation from a small fishing village into a modern international metropolis in just four decades. They were impressed by both the skyscrapers and the numerous delivery riders moving up and down the streets.
The delivery rider Becerra mentioned is 56-year-old Wang Jibing, who is known affectionately as the "delivery poet" from East China's Jiangsu Province. Wang won the 9th Lu Xun Literature Prize for his poetry collection Dichu Feixing (Low Flight) in July.
Becerra noted that immigrants from other provinces have been instrumental in shaping Shenzhen's unique identity.
"Shenzhen is a city shaped by immigrants, and I believe that migration enriches a country's culture. It creates an invaluable exchange of knowledge and personal experiences. We can look at border literature and countries where these phenomena take place. The most interesting books often come from immigrant communities," he said.
The Mexican poet said that walking through the streets of Shenzhen is like finding gold. "For writers, it is essential to remain attentive to 'certain signs' that emerge in ordinary life and to unexpected situations. As reality is filled with these 'certain signs,' it is necessary to cultivate an 'education of the gaze.'"
Peruvian poet Gian Pierre Codarlupo struck a similar tone.
"I hope to discover small stories, those of ordinary people, and to see the landscapes, to immerse myself in them. I'm interested in contemporary Chinese poetry, in addition to classical poetry. I would be delighted if this journey opened doors for future collaborations," Codarlupo told the Global Times.
The writers got an artistic view of Lingnan culture through artworks by local painters Su Hua and Lin Yong at the He Xiangning Art Museum in Shenzhen. The two are an iconic artist couple in contemporary Lingnan painting.
Becerra said what caught his attention, beyond their obvious artistic skill, was a sense of uniqueness, something new.
"I write about everything I can observe, experience and feel. Now I'm living in a country unlike any I have known before - one that, in fact, remains little explored first-hand by many people from other countries. I have stood before streets, buildings, museums, everyday scenes and events that have moved me almost to tears. As the painter Lin Yong once said, 'Here, I have cried and I have laughed,'" said Becerra.
Creative overflow
Peruvian poet Codarlupo said that his experience in Guangdong is already influencing his work and he wants to be a bridge between China and Latin America.
"I have been writing poems about what I have been able to observe. So far, I have completed four articles on Lin Yong, Su Hua and the Lingnan culture. All the landscapes I have seen will appear in my work. I am overflowing with creative inspiration," he noted.
Both writers expressed a desire to translate Chinese poetry, helping bring the voices of contemporary Chinese poets to Western readers.
"I hope that people from abroad can approach Lingnan culture through poetry and art, and that they will not see Shenzhen merely as a technological city, but go beyond that," said the Peruvian writer.
Taking Mexican author Octavio Paz, who won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature, as an example, Becerra said that cultural exchange can inspire profound literary creation.
Thanks to his stay in India, Octavio Paz wrote one of the most fascinating Spanish works: The Monkey Grammarian. That was made possible through cultural exchange, he said.
"What I have experienced has naturally had an impact on me as a poet. If something transforms an individual, there is also the possibility that it will, as a consequence, transform their society. I hope people can see Guangdong that I experienced, as if it were a film whose full appreciation requires the use of all five senses," Becerra said.
。 “如果全部是同质化的通用大模型，我觉得是不需要的。”李开复向记者表示，“除非真的是有信心或者是背水一战，天涯何处无芳草，为什么一定要选大模型？” 大背景是AI行业正在从“宏大叙事”阶段进入商业化阶段。高盛的一份报告指出，AI行业的终极赢家，将不再是那些投入资金最多的公司，而是那些在每美元AI投资中能产生最高“有用产出”的公司。
二 | 但目前，大部分AI公司都还是亏钱的。亏损的原因并不复杂。李开复分析可能有几个原因：一是训练模型很贵，即便有收入也可能难以覆盖成本；二是ToC公司买流量，流量成本也把利润消耗掉了。
三 | ToB被许多AI公司视为更有前景的方向。李开复也承认，从理论上说ToB的价值应该更大——普通用户不太可能每月花几千块钱去订阅一个Agent，而企业愿意为强化工作流或替代员工付费。但他同时坦承，中国ToB市场对项目制的依赖比较大。 所谓项目制，就是客户提出需求，AI公司按需定制开发，一单一议。这种模式下，要获得收入并不难，市场上对AI有好奇心和尝试意愿的企业很多，接单总能接到。但想要盈利，却不容易。 为了交付一个可用的产品，AI公司需要投入大量的人力进行定制开发、数据清洗、私有化部署，甚至提供驻场服务。这导致AI公司规模越大，亏损可能越严重，“做一单赔一单”。 行业普遍不赚钱的根源，还是在于技术价值尚未有效转化为商业价值。
四 | 客户愿意为概念买单，但未必愿意为效果持续付费。这需要AI公司在产品定义、交付模式和客户选择上做出更清醒的判断。
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